The literary documentation on southern Palestine at the end of the Persian period and the beginning of the Hellenistic period is very poor. Hence recently discovered Aramaic ostraca dated 361–311 BC are the almost exclusive source for the study of the ethnic structure and the economic life in the period under discussion. Containing Aramaic words which are unknown from other sources, they also bear linguistic significance. The book contains the photographs, transliteration and translation with a commentary of 201 ostraca. It also contains a detailed introduction about the substantial and historical significance of the ostraca, as well as a glossary and an index of the proper names.